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أنجليزي إلى كردي: Current Strikes General field: أخرى Detailed field: الصحافة
لغة نص المصدر - أنجليزي Current Strikes in UK 'Last Resort' After Over Decade of No Pay Rises.
ترجمة - كردي Karberdan û geravên anha li Berîtaniyayê tên piştî 10 salan ji nezêdebûna meaş û mûçeyan
أنجليزي إلى عربي: 10 Crises of the European Union General field: العلوم الاجتماعية Detailed field: العلوم المالية عموماً
لغة نص المصدر - أنجليزي 10 Crises of the European Union
The enthusiasm and pathos derived from the creation of uniform space has burnt out, especially after the main beneficiaries from the project of the EU, i.e. Germany and France, has become ever more obvious. The system of the adoption of political decisions in the EU (European Commissioners are not elected by direct vote) contradicts democratic standards and values. And that fact alone undermines the foundations of the national states within the EU and strengthens the role of the bureaucracy. It generates a general mistrust of the supranational institutions which do not have authority. In addition, the weakened sovereignty of the national states significantly reduces their roles as players in the realm of international politics. If in the past Germany, France, Italy and other countries applied for the status of power-centers (even if they remained dependent on the USA via NATO), now their possibilities noticeably reduced.
The interests and ambitions of certain countries face not only the natural competition from the outside, but they also meet with internal sabotage which is expressed through the blockade of various initiatives. For example, Germany did not support the development of the Mediterranean Union which was initially backed by France. Similar mutually dependent vulnerability led to the emergence of the concept of the EU as a small power. If, during the modernist era, Europe could boast of having a coalition of powers that contributed to setting the tone of world history, today (in the postmodern era) the EU is not considered to be an entity of absolute values with regard to global policy.
Crisis of economy
The risk of a Greek exit from the euro zone – and also the current debate about possible new candidates for a default – shows an insolvency regarding the economic policy of the EU. Though well known neoliberals like George Soros constantly advise European politicians on economic matters, the EU abstains from both full-fledged liberalization and a return to a more rational approach to the management of the banking sector.
Thus, there was a threat of the EU’s withdrawal of its Transatlantic partnership on trade and investments – i.e. what is intensely lobbied by Washington.
The European public is a crucial target of this American initiative. Nevertheless, researchers note that according to the international standards and laws of the EU, there is only the mandate on negotiation, but these negotiations take place behind closed doors under the pressure of Washington. Moreover, there were numerous attempts from the USA to undermine the European rules of data security. Reports of both the European and American consumer organizations and representatives of civil society testify to this fact.
Such actions are, as a rule, conducted through the lobbyist companies. For example, through "Hogan Lovells", which created the "Coalition for Privacy and Free Trade". The direct political interests of the USA are obvious among such "heavyweights" as Hugo Paemen, the former US Ambassador in the EU; the former representative of the USA on trade, Clayton Eutter; the former Deputy Chief Technology Officer in the White House, Daniel Weitzner ; all of these men work for Hogan Lovells. Will the European consumers manage to stand under the pressure of the multinational companies? It is obvious that it is also a question of political will among the leaders of the EU countries.
Analyzing the macroeconomic indicators in the EU, the German observer Eric Zuesse came to the following conclusions concerning the consequences of joining the EU to transatlantic partnership:
- Within the first 10 years the agreement will lead to European net - export losses. The following entities will suffer most of all: Northern Europe (2,07% of GDP), France (1,9%), Germany (1,14%), and also Great Britain (0,95%);
- The agreement will cause decrease in GDP growth. Taking into account European net – export losses, Northern Europe will face the largest reduction of GDP (0,5%), France – (0,48%), Germany – (0,29%);
- The agreement will cause a failing of the labor income. France will suffer most strongly; it will lose 5 500 euros for one able-bodied in annual calculation, Northern Europe – 4 800 euros, Great Britain – 4 200 euros, Germany – 3 400 euros;
- The agreement will lead to loss of jobs. The EU will approximately lose 600 thousand workplaces. The greatest losses will be in Northern Europe – 223 thousand, Germany – 134 thousand, France – 130 thousand, and also Southern Europe – 90 thousand;
- The agreement will lead to losses of state revenues. The margin from the income on indirect taxes (excises, a value added tax) in relation to the state subsidies will be reduced in all European countries. Most strongly it will concern France where total losses will be 0,64% of GDP. Deficiency of state budgets of all European countries will increase with possible excess of the indicators fixed by the Maastricht agreements in 3%;
- The agreement will cause the increased financial instability, accumulation of imbalances, the reduction of export revenue, salary share in the income of the population and also of state revenues. In this situation the demand will have to be maintained by the income and investments. At the same time against the decreasing rates of consumption the growth of sales won't be able to act as a driving force. Growth of cost of assets which will support the income and investments (generally in financial sector) will become more realistic option. Potential threat of macroeconomic instability at such model of economic development is well-known and that was shown by the last financial crisis.
Crisis of European culture
Formation of the general space of the EU forced to create special programs urged to underline the unity of the community countries. However, instead of appealing to historic facts and the European traditions (i.e. underlining the pluralistic values), including Christian roots, Brussels provoked creation of post-modernist model, the most known as multiculturalism. Leaders of Germany and France officially declared the crash of this model a few years ago. Though the criticism of multiculturalism is generally connected with a demographic imbalance and process of Islamization of Europe (and now the EU must adopt the norms of its own native citizens in face of Muslim culture, that is more resistant than amorphous “European” set of rules), the roots of this problem are deeper, and possible consequences can be much more serious (but also hypocritical embraces under the flag of tolerance cause generation of such figures as Anders Breivik). It is not only about emasculation of historical memory and its substitution by trite ersatz culture, but also about an education system which institutionalizes of intellectual degradation. Finally it can lead to a dehumanization and change of an anthropological picture of Europe. One of the sad facts of this process – adoption of law on same-sex marriages that shows the next crisis connected with sexual orientation.
Crisis of gender identity
The project of transhumanity advanced by the USA even more often is perceived in the EU as the mechanism of destruction of the European peoples of rich culture and history. Unfortunately, a number of laws, such as legalization of same-sex marriages and gender education, were already implemented in the countries of Europe, but they cause serious resistance in the vast majority of the population and can be reconsidered in the future.
Nevertheless, it seriously strikes on image of the EU. Europe is even more often perceived as a nursery of sodomy and legalization of perversions. The narrative about Gayropa already became the property of both an ordinary discourse, and scientific researches.
Military-political crisis
The Ukrainian conflict and a false target in the form of Russia had an essential impact on the restructuring of the EU armed forces or to be exact, predetermined the plan of the manipulative actions taken by the USA on the European arena. The EU countries within
NATO became the hostages of instructions from Washington, having developed the long-term operation "Atlantic Resolve".
Besides the debate about the role of NATO, the need of the corresponding payments at the level of 2% of GDP and creation of the European forces of reaction, in the EU there appears the problem connected with different opinions concerning the strategy of actions itself.
On February 11, 2015 the military-political group sent the letter of recommendation to the Council of Europe where it was specified that all member states of the EU politically support carrying out operations or missions, but only the limited quantity of them wishes and has possibility to take part in military actions.
This EU military-political group’s recommendation compelled to adopt the new provision on the mechanism of the general expenses administration of on carrying out military operations of the European Union, known under Athena code-name. The main idea consisted in presenting the EU as a source of safety.
We will note that various civil and military EU missions are now carried out in the states situated far from the European Union’s borders: Afghanistan, Djibouti, Somalia, Seychelles, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Niger, Central African Republic, Palestine, Kosovo, Bosnia, Georgia and Ukraine.
On March 27, 2015 the decision 2015/528 was made which approved 49 points and two appendices on financing, compensation and the reporting during preparation and carrying out such operations. This bulky bureaucratic document underwent criticism from the public for its discrepancy with reality. In general an imbalance between desires and possibilities, especially financial, were declared as crisis of military-political system of the EU.
Crisis of good-neighbourhood
The policy of the neighbourhood of the EU has long history. Officially it is directed on creation of friendly buffer zones in Eastern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and South Caucasus. Actually part of the projects turned into the instrument of political and economic expansion (projects of "Eastern Partnership" and "Southern partnership") operating in the framework of "soft power". On the other hand, the absence of deep understanding of needs and interests of the neighboring countries led to emergence and escalation of the conflicts in the southern Mediterranean that caused a domino effect and a humanitarian disaster in North Africa and in the Middle East.
It should be noted that the EU usually concludes agreements on association in exchange for the obligation of carrying out political, economic, trade or judicial reforms. In exchange for this associated state can get duty-free access to some or to all EU markets, the market of agricultural products etc., and also financial or technical assistance.
It is important to note that among the countries of the Southern partnership only Algeria and Syria from 2000 to 2011 had positive trade balance with the EU, but in both cases it is connected with export of energy carriers. For all other southern countries of the European neighbourhood policy block the trade deficiency was recorded.
Data of Eurostat give such statistics on the countries :
Algeria - 2005 of 11460 million euros, 2010 of 5445 million euros
Egypt - 2005 - 1066 million euros, 2010 of-6843 million euros
Israel - 2005 - 4095 million euros, 2010 of-8244 million euros
Jordan - 2005 - 1964 million euros, 2010 of-2261 million euros
Lebanon - 2005 - 2845 million euros, 2010 of-4274 million euros
Morocco - 2005 - 2228 million euros, 2010 of-5140 million euros
Palestine - 2005 - 192 million euros, 2010 of-267 million euros
Syria - 2005 of 1916 million euros, 2010 of 115 million euros
Tunisia 2005 - 626 million euros, 2010 of-1163 million euros
In other words, these states got the European goods and services more, but didn't sell their goods to the EU countries. It is typical for liberally focused economy when one country or group of the countries creates special conditions for penetration on the markets of other powers, under the screen of the open market and free trade, at the same time using protectionist measures for certain types of production to protect their own producers.
The data provided in the “European Neighbourhood Policy Countries. Essential macro-economic indicators” 2013 report published by the European Commission convincingly testify that the EU, but in no way the countries of the Southern partnership was the winner.
The analysis of actions of the EU concerning the states getting to a framework of both "partnership" led to understanding in many these countries that actually these projects are of a veiled neo-colonialism form. As a result a number of the countries had to refuse a number of offers of the EU. And in other countries (Moldova, Ukraine) the European grants according to programs of "Eastern Partnership" simply melt away in corruption schemes.
Of course anti-Russian stances from sanctions to media hysteria is the most obvious example of the false strategy for neighbourhood.
The next crisis - a problem with migrants
Huge flow of refugees and migrants in the EU is only a consequence of the previous actions of the European Union in the countries of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Besides, the assimilated Africans and Asians (the second and third generations from the former colonies) are a certain intermediary link between new migrants and indigenous Europeans. And earlier adopted laws do not allow the resolution of humanitarian issues, and that leads to absurd and tragicomic situations.
Brussels came recently to the point when an offer to heat the vessels transporting illegal migrants were considered. So that statements for need of humanitarian missions and tolerance is no more than hypocritical policy of double standards. Polls in EU countries show that local population is categorically against new inflow of illegal immigrants from the countries of Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Meanwhile the European Commission and European Parliament synchronously suggest to set quotas for the arriving migrants that, first of all will strike on countries of Eastern Europe, where also so quite deplorable situation with a demography.
The placement of migrants in the former concentration camps, where the Nazis destroyed people during Second world war, is one more attempt to construct a good mine at a bad game.
Crisis in energy strategy
Sanctions against Russia directly impacted the energy policy of the EU. The concept of the Third power package directly contradicts national interests of a number of the states which have deficiency of own energy resources and counted on preferences from Russia. The economic benefit could be received both from gas transit, and from direct consumption. But a number of countries are compelled to suffer humiliating indications of European Commission.
Though it is officially told about need to create the consolidated position and to work for the good of interests of all members of the EU, in practice it occurs differently. In the report of the German institute on the international affairs and security devoted to power policy it is specified that "the discourse about the power union can be interpreted generally as a symptom of a crisis in integration of the EU" . Despite all offered programs and strategies, including regulation of gas deliveries, green energy and climate changes, authors specify that only pragmatic approach can bring results. It is necessary to consider that this institute develops foreign policy for Germany and these recommendations mean a prevalence of will of Berlin over other states. Considering the institutional capacity of the Germans, it is possible to suppose that Germany plans to assume shadow management of future power union with the emphasis on renewables. Any leakage of the German plans and infringement of interests of the countries which now have possibility of a choice of energy resources sources, can generate deeper crisis and split between EU members.
Crisis of own promises
The impression is made that European citizens have a very short political memory. They quickly forgot not only the promises of their leaders, but also one particular example: The Thessaloniki declaration of 2003 is still not implemented. The Western Balkans for more than 10 years did not turn into a prospering and safe region. On the contrary – the situation in many countries of the region worsened. And the cause is: a direct short-sighted policy of the EU.
Crisis of ideas
Strangely enough, many of the considered crises are connected to the absence of ideas among European politicians. Impenitence of thinking and persuasive commitment to the limited block of the schemes connected with neoliberal ideology in various forms of its interpretations (from Left Trotskyism to the militarism of the Right) neither permits an adequate or objective look at the organic processes nor estimates them in a temporary
and historical prospect. It, in turn, blocks the possibility of forecasting and dismisses the creation of realistic scenarios, as the majority of forecasts appears to be wrong.
Perhaps, the people making decisions in the EU should look amongst themselves and more sensibly to look at the course of things, without denying the use of other models of political management.
ترجمة - عربي أزمات الاتحاد الأوروبي، بنيوية أم مرحلية؟
خفت بريق الحماس المستمد من مرحلة بناء الاتحاد الأوروبي، خصوصاً بعد أن أصبحت كل من ألمانيا وفرنسا مستفيدتان رئيسيتان من مشروع الاتحاد الأوروبي الذي أصبح، بفعل عوامل عديدة، واضحاً من حيث طبيعته وجوهره وحدوده أكثر من أي وقت مضى.
يناقض نظام اعتماد القرارات السياسية داخل الاتحاد الأوروبي- حيث لا يتم انتخاب المفوضين الأوروبيين عن طريق التصويت المباشر- المعايير والقيم الديمقراطية المتغنى بها، وهذه الحقيقة، لوحدها، تقوض الأسس التي تقوم عليها الدول الوطنية، وتعزز العامل البيروقراطي داخل الاتحاد الأوروبي.
يولد هذا النوع من نظم اتخاذ القرارات انعدام الثقة العامة لدى الدول التي لا تملك سلطة. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن ضعف سيادة الدول الوطنية يقلل، بشكل ملحوظ، من دورها كلاعب في مجال السياسة الدولية. حيث كانت سابقاً كل من ألمانيا ، وفرنسا، وإيطاليا ودول أخرى، تسعى للوصول إلى الوضع الذي تتمتع به دول المركز، حتى وإن كان ذلك يجري دائماً بالاعتماد على الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية عبر الناتو، إلا أن هذا السعي انخفض اليوم مع انخفاض إمكانيات دول مثل هذه.
أزمة السياسة العامة للدمج الأوروبي
يقف في وجه مصالح وطموحات بعض الدول، العديد من التحديات، لا تقتصر على المنافسة الطبيعية من الخارج، بل تتعداها أيضاً إلى التخريب الداخلي، وهو ما يعبر عنه بالحصار المفروض على المبادرات المختلفة، فعلى سبيل المثال، لم تدعم ألمانيا تطوير «الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط» الذي كان مدعوماً من فرنسا، ومثل هذه الأمور أظهرت الاتحاد الأوروبي كقوة صغيرة. في العصور الحديثة، كانت تعتقد أوروبا أنها تستطيع تفجير قوة قادرة على التحكم بالعالم، أما اليوم، فلا يمكن اعتبارها كياناً متوازناً في السياسة العالمية.
أزمة الاقتصاد
إن خطر خروج اليونان من منطقة اليورو، وكذلك الجدل الدائر حول الاحتمالات المفتوحة، يدل على إفلاس السياسة الاقتصادية للاتحاد الأوروبي، رغم سعي الليبراليين الجدد (أمثال جورج سوروس، الذي يقدم المشورة للسياسيين الأوروبيين باستمرار بشأن المسائل الاقتصادية)، ليبقى الاتحاد الاوروبي متمنعاً عن التحرير الكامل، وغير قادر على العودة إلى سياسة عقلانية لإدارة القطاع المصرفي.
وهناك تهديد بانسحاب الاتحاد الأوروبي من اتفاق الشراكة عبر المحيط الأطلسي للتجارة والاستثمارات التي تلح عليها واشنطن، التي يعتبر الجمهور الأوروبي هو الهدف الحاسم من هذه المبادرة الأمريكية، وقد لاحظ الباحثون أنه وفقاً للمعايير الدولية، وقوانين الاتحاد الأوروبي، فإن المفاوضات تجري وراء الأبواب المغلقة، بضغط من واشنطن، ومخالفة لمعايير (الشفافية) الأوروبية، وعلاوة على ذلك، كانت هناك محاولات عديدة من الولايات المتحدة لتقويض القواعد الأوروبية لأمن البيانات والمعلومات، حيث تشهد تقارير منظمات المستهلكين الأوروبية والأمريكية على هذه الحقيقة.
وبتحليل مؤشرات الاقتصاد الكلي في الاتحاد الأوروبي، حسب المراقب الألماني، إريك زويسي، واستنتاجاته بشأن العواقب المترتبة على انضمام الاتحاد الأوروبي إلى «الشراكة عبر الأطلسي»، فإنه: خلال أول 10 سنوات من الاتفاق ستنتج خسائر في الصادرات الأوروبية، وستعاني البلدان الأوروبية من خسائر في الناتج المحلي الإجمالي، كالتالي: شمال أوروبا 2.07 %، فرنسا 1.9 %، ألمانيا 1.14 %، بريطانيا 0.95 %.
كما ستسبب الاتفاقية خسارة المزيد من الوظائف، إذ سيفقد 600 ألف موظف أعمالهم، وستتركز الخسائر الكبرى في شمال أوروبا التي ستفقد 223 ألف وظيفة، و134 ألف وظيفة في ألمانيا، و130 ألف وظيفة في فرنسا، و90 ألف وظيفة في جنوب أوروبا. وستسبب الاتفاقية انعدام الاستقرار المالي وتراكم الاختلالات، وانخفاض دخل السكان، وانخفاض معدلات الاستهلاك والمبيعات، وسيعم عدم استقرار الاقتصاد الكلي في هذا النموذج من التنمية الاقتصادية، وهو ما أظهرته الأزمة المالية الأخيرة.
أزمة الثقافة الأوروبية
عند تشكيل الفضاء العام للاتحاد الأوروبي، اضطر مشكلوه إلى إنشاء برامج ثقافية خاصة، للتأكيد على (وحدة) دول المجتمع، وبدلاً من مناشدة الحقائق التاريخية والتقاليد الأوروبية، جرى التأكيد على (قيم التعددية الثقافية).
وأثارت بروكسل موضوع خلق نموذج (ما بعد الحداثة)، المعروف باسم (التعددية الثقافية)، وعلى الرغم من إعلان قادة ألمانيا وفرنسا رسمياً تحطم هذا النموذج قبل بضع سنوات، إلا أن أثره على أزمة الثقافة الأوروبية أعمق من المتداول، إذ يمكن للعواقب المحتملة أن تكون أكثر خطورة، فعدا عن النفاق تحت راية قضية التسامح، يصل الأمر إلى إضعاف الذاكرة التاريخية والاستعاضة عنها بثقافة بديلة مبتذلة، لكن أيضاً يمتد الموضوع ليطال نظام التعليم الذي أضاف له (الطابع المؤسساتي) تدهوراً فكرياً كارثياً. وأخيراً، يمكن أن يؤدي هذا النموذج الثقافي إلى التجرد من الإنسانية، وتغيير الصورة الأنثروبولوجية في أوروبا، وهي واحدة من الحقائق المؤسفة لهذه النموذج، مثل اعتماد قانون زواج مثليي الجنس الذي يدل على الأزمة المقبلة.
الأزمة السياسية- العسكرية
كان للصراع على أوكرانيا، والأهداف الوهمية (كشيطنة روسيا) التأثير الأساسي على إعادة هيكلة القوات المسلحة للاتحاد الأوروبي، حيث قامت الولايات المتحدة باستثمار ذلك عبر اتخاذ خطط هيمنة في بلدان الاتحاد الأوروبي، إذ أصبح الناتو رهينة لتعليمات واشنطن، بعد أن وضعت عملية طويلة الأمد لحل حلف شمال الأطلسي.
ونلاحظ أن مختلف بعثات الاتحاد الأوروبي، المدنية والعسكرية، تعمل الآن في الدول التي تقع بعيداً عن حدود الاتحاد الأوروبي: أفغانستان وجيبوتي والصومال وجزر سيشيل وتنزانيا وجمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية ومالي والنيجر وجمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى، فلسطين، كوسوفو والبوسنة وجورجيا وأوكرانيا.
الأزمة المقبلة- مشكلة اللاجئين
ليس التدفق الهائل للاجئين والمهاجرين إلى الاتحاد الأوروبي سوى نتيجة لأفعال الاتحاد الأوروبي السابقة في بلدان آسيا وأفريقيا والشرق الأوسط. حيث يشكل الأفارقة والآسيويين (الجيل الثاني والثالث من المستعمرات السابقة) المستوعبون في أوروبا سابقاً، حلقة ربط بين اللاجئين الجدد، وبين سكان أوروبا، إلا أن مجمل القوانين المعتمدة، لن تسمح بحل هكذا قضايا إنسانية مما يؤدي، وسيؤدي إلى حالات عبثية ومأساوية.
أشارت بروكسل مؤخراً إلى هذا الأمر، عندما عرضت الملف الساخن للسفن التي تنقل المهاجرين غير الشرعيين، وصرحت بأن الاكتفاء بالمهمات الإنسانية وشعارات التسامح ليست أكثر من سياسة منافقة وكيل بمكيالين، وتشير استطلاعات الرأي في دول الاتحاد الأوروبي أن السكان المحليين ضد تدفق جديد من المهاجرين غير الشرعيين من بلدان أفريقيا وآسيا والشرق الأوسط بشكل قاطع، وفي الوقت نفسه، فإن المفوضية الأوروبية والبرلمان الأوروبي يؤكدان على ضرورة تحديد أعداد للمهاجرين القادمين، بمواجهة موجات مستمرة يبدو أنها ستضرب بلدان أوروبا الشرقية أولاً، لتساهم بتأثيرات سلبية على التركيبة السكانية هناك، فتموضع اللاجئين المقصود في مراكز المخيمات في منطقة أوروبا الشرقية، حيث المخيمات النازية دمرت سكان تلك المناطق خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، هو أمر ذو دلالة.
الطاقة: أزمة استراتيجية
أثرت العقوبات ضد روسيا بشكل مباشر على سياسة الطاقة في الاتحاد الأوروبي، وهذا يتناقض مباشرة مع المصالح الوطنية لعدد من الدول التي لديها نقص في موارد الطاقة الخاصة بها، وتعول على مساعدة من روسيا، التي يمكن أن تصل الفائدة الاقتصادية من نقل الغاز منها، ومن الاستهلاك المباشر إلى مستويات قصوى، لكن عدداً من البلدان مضطرة أن تعاني من التحذيرات المهينة للمفوضية الأوروبية.
ورغم التصريحات الرسمية التي تفصح عن الحاجة لموقف موحد، والعمل لما فيه الخير لجميع أعضاء الاتحاد الأوروبي، إلا أن ما يحدث شيء مختلف تماماً. وقد جاء في تقرير المعهد الألماني للشؤون الدولية والأمن الدولي، المكرس لسياسة الطاقة: (الخطابات التي تقول إن الاتحاد قوة يمكن أن تفسر عموماً على أنها من أعراض أزمة الاندماج في الاتحاد الأوروبي).
الأزمة الفكرية
العديد من الأزمات السابقة مرتبط بالفجوة الفكرية لدى السياسيين الأوروبيين، وتماديهم في الاندماج والالتزام في الإيديولوجية والمخططات الليبرالية الجديدة بأشكال ظهورها المختلفة (سواء اليسار التروتسكي أو العسكر اليميني)، وذلك ما لا يسمح بوجود نظرة موضوعية على الجوانب العضوية التي تفعل فعلها في أزمات الاتحاد الأوروبي، ما يصعب من تقديرها والتوقع بنتائجها.
MateCat, Microsoft Word, samrtcat, smartcat, Smartcat
CV/Resume
CV available upon request
Professional objectives
Meet new translation company clients
Meet new end/direct clients
Build or grow a translation team
Network with other language professionals
Learn more about translation / improve my skills
Get help on technical issues / improve my technical skills
Learn more about the business side of freelancing
Bio
Dear
visitors and colleagues
I
have been working as a full time translator since 2008 and I have 14 years of
experience translating many types of texts into Kurdish (Kurmanji), and Arabic.
I am native in both Kurdish and Arabic. Quality, deadline and flexibility are
my main concerns and I always try to offer negotiable rates which help clients
manage their budget satisfactorily. I accept to take a small test for free for
big projects. I look forward to helping you!
Best
Regards
Alan
Dawud
Projects
Local
newspapers. Economics, business, culture, science 2008-2022. English to Arabic, English to Kurdish, Russian
to Arabic, Russian
to Kurdish (Hundreds of articles).
Cardiac
surgery hospital in Bahrain. Annual report 2015-2016. English to Arabic
(15000 words).
Smart
cat projects. 2018-2022. English to Kurdish. Russian
to Kurdish (12 project, 11.7 k words).
Mostaql projects 2018-2021. Economics, science. English to Arabic
(20000 words).
School
education books in in Kazakhstan 2019. Russian
to Kurdish (14000 words).
Education
Damascus
University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities 2008-2011
عضو منذ Jan '23
الخبرة